[1] He received the Military Medal for carrying messages along the lines during these two battles. Francis Pegahmagabow : biography March 9, 1891 – August 5, 1952 In 2003 the Pegahmagabow family donated his medals, and chief head dress to the Canadian War Museum where they can be seen as of 2010 as part of the World War I display. He enlisted with the Canadian Expeditionary Force at Valcartier, Quebec, on September 15, 1914. In June 1916, Francis fought at the Battle of Mount Sorrel, where he captured many German prisoners. Chief Francis Pegahmagabow Francis Pegahmagabow, photographed in June 1945, Canadian Museum of History. Historian Paul Williams termed these advocates "returned soldier chiefs", and singled out a few, including Pegahmagabow, as being especially active. Some were offended Join Facebook to connect with Francis Pegahmagabow and others you may know. to the battlefield. Earned his first bar to the Military Medal at the Battle of Passchendaele. medicine bag given to him before the war: “When I was at Rossport, on Lake Superior, Francis Pegahmagabow was born on what is now the Shawanaga First Nation reserve (of the larger Anishinabek nation) in Nobel, Ontario, on the shores of Parry Sound (see Reserves in Ontario). In hindsight, some historians believe [16], During World War II Pegahmagabow worked as a guard at a munitions plant near Nobel, Ontario, and was a Sergeant-major in the local militia. Quotes Francis Pegahmagabow (1891 – 1952). one of the first of more than 4000 Indigenous soldiers to volunteer for overseas service in the war. Francis Pegahmagabow was married and had six children. Over 90 years after his participation in the First World War, the Canadian armed forces honoured Francis with a monument at CFB Borden and named the building of the Parry Island Band, now known as Wasauksing First Nation, and a band councillor from 1933 to 1936. [2] By the time of his discharge, he had attained the rank of sergeant-major[5] and had been awarded the 1914–15 Star, the British War Medal, and the Victory Medal. He died of a heart attack at the age of 61, in 1952. When Francis was about Shawanaga elder Solomon Pawis claimed that while Francis An Ojibwa he grew up at the Wasauksing First Nation (Wasauksing) Band, on Parry Island located near Parry Sound, Ontario. and excluded many other ethnic minorities in Canada from military service. After the war, Pegahmagabow settled in Wasauksing, Ontario. also continued to defend Indigenous rights. Indigenous people in Canada during the First World War, Pegahmagabow became a It was a dangerous job, but Francis was an effective marksman and scout. He is a member of the Indian Hall of Fame at the Woodland Centre in Brantford, Ontario, and his memory is also commemorated on a plaque honouring him and his regiment on the Rotary and Algonquin Regiment Fitness Trail in Parry Sound. He volunteered at the onset of the First World War and served overseas as a scout and sniper with the Canadian Expeditionary Force's 1st Battalion. He is a member of the Indian Hall of Fame at the Woodland Centre in Brantford, Ontario, and his memory is also commemorated on a plaque honouring him and his regiment on the Rotary and Algonquin Regiment Fitness Trail in Parry Sound. Francis Pegahmagabow was born on what is now the Shawanaga First Nation reserve (of the larger Anishinabek nation) in Nobel, Ontario, Fellow soldiers recalled Francis’ strong spiritual beliefs, which they believed gave him the courage to participate in dangerous operations. As part of a national delegation in 1943, he took part in a demonstration on Parliament Hill, Francis was left to be raised by Noah Nebimanyquod, the same man who had raised Francis’ father after the deaths At the Battle of Passchendaele in November 1917, Francis trudged through mud and under heavy fire to help the Canadians capture the Passchendaele ridge. He died of a heart attack at the age of 61, in 1952. He is a member of the Indian Hall of Fame at the Woodland Centre in Brantford, Ontario, Canada, and his memory is also commemorated on a plaque honouring him and his regiment on the Rotary and Algonquin Regiment Fitness Trail in Parry Sound. [6] Pegahmagabow practiced a mix of Catholicism and Anishinaabe spirituality. And fur along his neck, back, and the back of his arms up to the shoulder. He was respected as a skilled soldier and as a good human being. Francis Pegahmagabow MM & two bars (/ ˌ p ɛ ɡ ə m ə ˈ ɡ æ b oʊ /; March 9, 1891 – August 5, 1952) was a Canadian First Nations soldier, politician and activist. The bag was of skin tightly bound with a leather throng. Owl eyes allow for superb sight. Francis had intense arguments with Daly and other government agents. passed away peacefully, at the West Parry Sound Health Centre on Tuesday, November 3rd, 2009. and alienated by his efforts to remove non-band members and mixed-race individuals from the reserve. A married father of six children, Francis Pegahmagabow died on the Parry Island reserve in 1952 at the age of 61. In these ways, Francis was an early activist in the national Indigenous rights movement (see Indigenous People: Political Organization and Activism). Tim Cook, At the Sharp End: Canadians Fighting the Great War 1914-1916 (2007). Early Life Francis Pegahmagabow was an aboriginal who was born in Parry Sound, Ontario on March 9th 1889. three years old, his father, Michael Pegahmagabow, passed away after battling an unknown but severe illness. Francis Pegahmagabow from Canada National Archives. Despite his serious injuries, he soon returned to action and received a second bar to his Military Medal following his valorous actions at the Battle of the Scarpe in August 1918. What was really inside I do not know. Using the much-maligned Ross rifle,[11] he was credited with killing 378 Germans and capturing 300 more. Indigenous rights advocate, war hero (born on 9 March 1891 on the Parry Island reserve, ON; died 5 August 1952 at Parry Island, ON). H Francis survived, but the 1st Battalion lost nearly half of its strength in just three days of fighting. During the Second World War, Francis Pegahmagabow worked as a guard at a munitions plant near Nobel, Ontario, and was also a sergeant-major in the local militia. He was also awarded a 1914–15 Star, the British War Medal and the [22], In 2003 the Pegahmagabow family donated his medals and chief head dress to the Canadian War Museum where they can be seen as of 2010 as part of the World War I display. [1] By this time, he had been promoted to the rank of corporal and during the battle he was recorded playing an important role as a link between the units on the 1st Battalion's flank. While there he decorated his army tent with traditional symbols including a deer, the symbol of his clan. [23] While researching his 2005 novel Three Day Road, Boyden was asked about why he thought that Pegahmagabow had not received a higher award like the Distinguished Conduct Medal or the Victoria Cross. Controversy While writing his … For example, many snipers and scouts wore moccasins in the field, as they were much quieter than army boots. Francis found his life regulated by powerful local Indian agents, who even controlled his pension. makers, demanding better treatment for Indigenous peoples. [21], Canadian First Nations soldier, politician and activist, Francis Pegahmagabow shortly after World War I. Marital Status. Francis Pegahmagabow was not only the most successful sniper of World War 1, but he is also among the most decorated aboriginal soldiers in history. First Nation, located on the northern shores of Georgian Bay. Francis Pegahmagabow MM & two bars (/ˌpɛɡəməˈɡæboʊ/; March 9, 1891 – August 5, 1952) was the First Nations soldier most highly decorated for bravery in Canadian military history and the most effective sniper of World War I. on the shores of Parry Sound (see Reserves in Ontario). He is the most decorated Indigenous soldier in Canadian military history and holds the record of Canada’s top marksmen with 378 kills. He won the Join Facebook to connect with Franci Pegahmagabow and others you may know. Francis Pegahmagabow has been listed as one of the Warfare good articles under the good article criteria. An Ojibwa from the Parry Island Band in Ontario, he was an expert scout, sniper and marksman. Francis Pegahmagabow (1889-1952), an Ojibwe of the Caribou clan, wasborn in Shawanaga First Nation, Ontario. Francis practised a combination of Roman Catholicism and Anishinaabe spirituality (see Religion and Spirituality of Indigenous Peoples in Canada). [6], Following the outbreak of World War I, Pegahmagabow volunteered for service with the Canadian Expeditionary Force in August 1914,[7] despite Canadian government discrimination that initially excluded minorities. © 2016 Wasauksing First Nation. He did well in his studies and learned how to play and read music. 35. Corporal Francis Pegahmagabow, MM Memorial Cairn Borden Simcoe County Ontario, Canada. Francis Pegahmagabow MM & Two Bars, (March 9, 1891 – August 5, 1952) was the First Nations soldier most highly decorated for bravery in Canadian military history and the most effective sniper of World War I. Indigenous political organization. [2] Later in life, he served as chief and a councillor for the Wasauksing First Nation, and as an activist and leader in several First Nations organizations. During the Great War (First World War), Francis was an effective scout and sniper who helped to save the lives of many Canadian soldiers. His company was almost out of ammunition and in danger of being surrounded. Age. From behind the front lines, Francis slowly made his way into No Man’s Land at night, where he waited for German soldiers [citation needed] The artist Tyler Fauvelle spent eight months sculpting the statue, which spent a further year in casting. Fauvelle chose to erect it in Parry Sound rather than Wasauksing to reach a larger public and educate them on the contributions of First Nations people to Canada. of the 3rd Canadian Ranger Patrol group after him in 2006. They directed that all correspondence, as of the spring of 1933, go through the Indian agent. 1914, Francis indicated his occupation as “Fireman” and added “None” under next-of-kin. Faunus Traits. [4], In January 1912 Pegahmagabow received financial aid for room and board to complete his education with the help of the Parry Sound Crown attorney Walter Lockwood Haight. As a chief and political activist, Francis protected the rights and traditions of his people. When Francis was about three years old, his father, Michael Pegahmagabow, passed away after battling an unknown but severe illness. However, he developed pneumonia shortly after the end of the Passchendaele campaign (in December 1917). Francis Pegahmagabow was a marksman, who fought for the allied forces, as a sniper, against the Germans in the World War I. He volunteered at the onset of the First World War and served overseas as a scout and sniper with the Canadian Expeditionary Force's 1st Battalion. was not very healthy during his early childhood, he soon grew up to become a physically and emotionally strong young man. that psychological trauma inflicted by his war experiences affected Francis’ public and private behaviour. Francis Pegahmagabow carried a spiritual item with him into battle, a Francis Pegahmagabow’s political career was not without controversy. Koennecke, F., Francis Pegahmagabow (2020). After her husband’s death, Mary returned to her home of Henvey Inlet He died of a heart attack after suffering for years from badly damaged lungs. Francis sailed to England in October 1914 aboard the SS Laurentic, one of 30 ships that carried 30,617 Canadian soldiers to England. Francis Pegahmagabow was born on what is now the First Nation reserve. After joining the Canadian force he was based at CFB Valcartier. In 2003, the Pegahmagabow family donated Francis’ medals and chief headdress to the Canadian War Museum in Ottawa. and suffered from chest pains for the rest of his life. He contracted typhoid fever in 1913, but was nursed back In 2003, the Pegahmagabow family donated Francis’ medals and chief headdress to the Canadian War Museum in Ottawa. on with the 23rd Regiment (Northern Pioneers) overseas contingent in August 1914. [4] He was posted to the 23rd Canadian Regiment (Northern Pioneers). A life-size bronze statue of Francis Pegahmagabow, a little known hero of the First World War, will be erected in Parry Sound, Ont., in the spring of 2016. A married father of six children, Pegahmagabow died on the Parry Island reserve in 1952 at the age of 61. [1] For these efforts he received a second Bar to his Military Medal,[1] becoming one of only 39 Canadians to receive this honour. His second bar to the Military Medal came at the battle of The Scarpe, in 1918. go into great danger. [21], A life-sized bronze statue of Pegahmagabow was erected in his honour on National Aboriginal Day, June 21, 2016, in Parry Sound, near Georgian Bay. Passchendaele (1917), Amiens (1918) and Second Battle of Arras (1918, see First World War timeline). The initiative, announced today in Parry Sound, is supported by members of Pegahmagabow’s family Francis Pegahmagabow MM & two bars (/ˌpɛɡəməˈɡæboʊ/; March 9, 1891 – August 5, 1952) was a Canadian First Nations soldier, politician and activist. Single. [17], A married father of six children, Pegahmagabow died on the Parry Island reserve in 1952 at the age of 61. Adrian Hayes, Pegahmagabow: Legendary Warrior, Forgotten Hero (2003). During the fighting, Pegahmagabow's battalion was given the task of launching an attack at Passchendaele. in 1914, some of us landed from our vessel to gather blueberries near an Ojibwa camp. [17] Honoured by the Canadian Forces by naming the 3rd Canadian Ranger Patrol Group HQ Building at CFB Borden after him. CBC NEWS Angela Bosse Reports, “Forgotten Soldiers: First Nations Soldiers Who Served in First World War", Religion and Spirituality of Indigenous Peoples in Canada, Indigenous People: Political Organization and Activism, , Remembering Those Who Served, Francis Pegahmagabow, "A Peaceful Man". Thanks for contributing to The Canadian Encyclopedia. Francis’ life inspired the central fictional character in Joseph Boyden’s novel Three Day Road (2001). A husband and father of six, Francis Pegahmagabow passed away on 5 August 1952 at the age of 64. An Ojibwa he grew up at the Parry Island (Wasauksing) Band, near Parry Sound, Ontario. Although he was considered a war hero, Francis returned to Canada only to face the same persecution and poverty that he had experienced first bar to his Military Medal during this battle. at Ypres, Francis was promoted to lance corporal in 1915. [1] Following in his father's and grandfather's footsteps, he was elected chief of the Parry Island Band from February 1921. H His father was a man of the First Nation and his mother of the First Nation, located further up Georgian Bay's north shore. In the summer of 1923, he tried to rally bands in the region to protest their grievances about treaty rights to the British Crown. This page was last edited on 13 December 2020, at 03:21. 300 prisoners. Francis Pegahmagabow was born on what is now the Shawanaga First Nation reserve. I In Ojibwe his name was Binaaswi ("the wind that blows off"). 23rd Canadian Regiment (Northern Pioneers), Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal, "The deadliest sniper of WWI was Francis Pegahmagabow, an Ojibwa soldier", https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/new-banknote-1.5795421, "Ranger headquarters named after Canada's most decorated aboriginal soldier", "Native Soldiers – Foreign Battlefields – A Peaceful Man", "Cpl. [8] His companions there nicknamed him "Peggy". [18], Canadian journalist Adrian Hayes wrote a biography of Pegahmagabow titled Pegahmagabow: Legendary Warrior, Forgotten Hero, published in 2003,[19] and another titled Pegahmagabow: Life-Long Warrior, published in 2009. Site design: maaiingan.com During the First World War, Francis Pegahmagabow was awarded the Military Medal and earned two bars. Before the motion could go through, Pegahmagabow resigned. Boyden speculated it was due to Pegahmagabow being a First Nations soldier, and that there may have been jealousy on the part of some officers who he felt might have been suspicious of the number of Germans Pegahmagabow claimed to have shot because he did not use an observer while sniping. Some members of Francis’ band also considered him difficult to work with. at Valcartier Camp on 15 September He was first awarded the Military Medal while fighting at the second battle of Ypres, Festubert and Givenchy, for courage above fire in getting important messages through to the rear. View the profiles of people named Franci Pegahmagabow. [5] When Francis was three years old, his father died and his mother subsequently left him to return to her home in the Henvey Inlet First Nation. Growing up in Shawanaga, Francis was raised according to the cultural customs and traditions of the Anishinaabe At the age of 12, Francis started working at the local lumber camps and fishing stations. Francis Pegahmagabow (1889–1952), a member of the Ojibwe nation, was born in Shawanaga, Ontario. He was one of 39 Canadian soldiers awarded the Military Medal and two bars for bravery. Francis Pegahmagabow returned to Parry Island in 1919, where he continued to serve with the Algonquin Militia Regiment. [4], Upon his return to Canada he continued to serve in the Militia as a member of the Northern Pioneers (known today as the Algonquin Regiment) as a non-permanent active member. Francis was one of the first to sign He participated in the Battle of the Somme and was wounded in the leg. Library and Archives Canada, Francis Pegahmagabow: Includes a biography, copy of his Attestation Paper, details from his Service Record and military medals, as well as a list of his First World War casualties. Francis’ mother, Mary Contin, had also become ill from the same sickness. [17] In 1943, he became the Supreme Chief of the Native Independent Government, an early First Nations organization. Only 38 other Canadian men received the honour of two bars. His father was a man of the First Nation and his mother of the First Nation, located further up Bay's north shore. [1][10], The war ended in November 1918 and in 1919 Pegahmagabow was invalided back to Canada. [12], In addition to the power struggle between the Indian council and the DIA with which Pegahmagabow took issue, he was a constant agitator over the islands in Georgian Bay of the Huron. vocal advocate for Indigenous rights and self-determination. LAC Reference: RG 150, Accession 1992-93/166, Box 1Box 1Box 7701-23: Research Notes: Portrait of Francis Pegahmagabow held at the Canadian War Museum, as well as his traditional head dress.According to the CWM: "Following the war, Pegahmagabow became an advocate for First Nations' rights and served as Chief of his Parry Island Band, Wasauksing First Nation, from 1921 to 1925." 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