For instance, in Cuba the government undertook a rapid expansion of tourism in the 1990’s in order to try to fuel economic recovery after the soviet bloc that it was part of collapsed. In this shot Tsotsi is literally on a track which he cannot get off of, but it could also metaphorically represent that Tsotsi is leading a lifestyle which he cannot escape from . Austen and Weldon criticise the class structure and privileges those who challenge authority, thus allowing readers to make their own conclusions on the concept of hierarchy based on their knowledge of their own context. The individual fibres in this sample are around 10 µm in diameter. Austen criticises women who marry to gain economic and social standing but Weldon emphasises the fact that in Austen’s context women were viewed as a commodity and that it was part of the norm. China is located in Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam, in the Northern hemisphere. As the name suggests, Victorian morality is defined as "the distillation of the moral views of people living during the time of Queen Victoria's reign (1837-1901), the Victorian era, and of the moral climate of Great Britain in the mid-19th century in general." ...Compare the attitudes to poverty in the films you have studied for this topic This essay will attempt to demonstrate that Irish Financial Crisis was both predictable and preventable. He has a helpful air about him who instead of doing things off of his own initiatives, supports their actions. It was so important because that was how you were classified and it was also what you were known as. Typical manners expected of a Victorian gentleman, Top 8 Victorian Era Poems That Must Be Read, Victorian era last name generator: Random last and first names. The grounds of marriage are formed on the basis of genuine love but can also be seen as an avenue taken to gain financial... ...it left the society with massive issues such as high unemployment, insolvent banks and huge government deficit(Kelly, 2010, P1). The Victorian era is named in honor of Queen Victoria, who took the throne in 1837 and oversaw nearly 63 years of expansion of the British Empire. For example in one scene Tsotsi is in the centre of the frame, walking down the middle of a train track looking at his feet with the vast city of Johannesburg in the background. “Victorian society was obsessed with reputation and appearance” Compare how this idea is presented in the texts you have studied and to what extent you agree with this statement. Activity: Get into groups of 3-6 and discuss the following question: Given your knowledge about the people and social progressions of the time leading up to the Victorian Era, what factors do you think caused the snobbish and rude behaviors of people in the Victorian Era and why? Loved The 2005 film Tsotsi revolves around a young gang leader named Tsotsi who has little chance of escaping the slum of Soweto in Johannesburg and therefore turns to a life of violent crime. Connections, made explicitly and implicitly between texts enables readers to gain new insights and confirm they’re understanding of conceptual ideas. The concept of the Victorian era as repressive is true to some extent, of course. So, women rarely cut their locks (usually only when they were ill), and often used false hair to give their mane more volume. The Victorians Victorian Houses Fashion Science and Medicine Canadians were less formal than Europeans, but keeping up appearances was still important. A newly industrialized country (NIC) is a socioeconomic classification applied to several countries including Thailand, China, India, Malaysia, Philippines, South Africa and Mexico. Trivia: Sierra Leone’s capital was named as “Freetown”. It will first state that Irish Financial Crisis was predictable through the observation of its abnormal economic growth mode and the soared property prices. The Christian Church, morals, hard work and personal success were much prioritized. Victorian era, the period between about 1820 and 1914, corresponding roughly to the period of Queen Victoria’s reign (1837–1901) and characterized by a class-based society, a growing number of people able to vote, a growing state and economy, and Britain’s status as the most powerful empire in the world. Society at the time was much more formal. Was it as some have argued the rapid growth of NICs such as China, India and South Africa? The study of Victorian masculinity is based on the assumption that "the construction of male consciousness must be seen as historically specific." How Did Science Influence the Victorian Era. The response we get from Weldon’s confirmation of the importance of context is that Austen was well ahead of her time in terms of challenging the class structure and the role of women. The microscopic structure of paper: Micrograph of paper autofluorescing under ultraviolet illumination. [2] There are many debate surrounding on whether the crisis could be predicted and prevented. What were Victorian era gentleman’s manners and etiquettes? Stevenson uses Mr. Hyde to show that Victorian people and society are imperfect and have dualities that Victorian values deny, ultimately leading to the destruction of the repressed person or society. What is the Victorian attitude. By the end of the 1990’s it was estimated that out of a workforce of 3.5 million over 60,000 were directly employed in tourism. Most likely did not have a hair out of place, his presentation was always to be kept at the upmost of appearances and regarded as extremely important. But when the first large asylums were built in the early 1800s, they were part of a new, more humane attitude towards mental healthcare. The United Kingdom physically extended its borders, at one point claiming nearly a quarter of the world through colonization and becoming a top political power. In fact, even if he was insulted by slander or gossip, this would still not spur him on to defend his reputation by a few rumours. Current plays and all literature—including old … As Global economists forecast continuing international tourism growth, this continuous growth will place great stress on remaining biologically diverse habitats and indigenous cultures, which are often used to support mass tourism. Paper made from chemical pulps are also known as wood-free papers–not to be confused with tree-free paper. The Victorian era, 1837-1901, is characterised as the domestic age par excellence, epitomised by Queen Victoria, who came to represent a kind of … Witness The Bride, The Bridegroom and Sad Love, a drawing from 1865. Appearance Victorian manners. Paper, and the pulp papermaking process, was said to be developed in China during the early 2nd century AD, possibly as early as the year 105 A.D.,[1] by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BC in China. A Victorian gentleman was also classified by a person who never inflicts pain to anyone. “Many people kept cats during the Victorian period and felt affectionate towards them, but they were still very much seen as utility animals, which kept mice and vermin down,” Hamlett said. The measures were vigourously opposed by reformers such as Josephine Butler, who argued that they put innocent women’s reputations at risk, and the Acts were repealed in 1886. Most Victorians were poor and life was hard: drugs and medicines were vital. The implicit connections examined through these texts are the values that endure the test of time making them universal. The People in the Middle. In the Victorian era in England, which spanned most of the 19th century, reputation and appearance were not just important to people, they were essential. Meaning of VICTORIAN ATTITUDES. The sulfite process dates back to the 1840s, and it was the dominant... ...Another example is Nike which was originated in Beaverton, Oregon, United States and is now a worldwide company. ... Their similarities were reinforced by coexistence in neighbourhoods and work places where they excited and placated the playgoer's lust in an eternal loop, twisted like a Mobius strip into the appearance … Clothing indicated social status. China has an extremely high population, just over 1.3 billion people with a birth rate of 12.17 births/1000. Discover how attitudes to a woman's place changed, as charitable missions began to extend the female role of service, and Victorian feminism began to emerge as a potent political force. So in this way Plath uses the profession of medicine as a tool to show the undermining of women at the time. Surprising Victorian Attitudes . The wide range of drugs available at the time is intriguing. But the question is, what was the main motivating factor behind this massive increase in economic, cultural, political and social systems across geographical boundaries? Buddy remarks thoughtlessly at the end of the book, after all... StudyMode - Premium and Free Essays, Term Papers & Book Notes. Globalisation is a set of processes leading to the integration of economic, cultural, political and social systems across geographical boundaries. Freed slaves were sent to Sierra Leone. From the clothes being made and brought many different countries have been involved Many other clothes companies to this as well. However, Irish economy finally collapsed overnight in late September 2008. Some people argue that there is no... ...‘NIC’s have been and continue to be the driving force of globalization. The pulp can also be bleached to produce white paper, but this consumes 5% of the fibers. The Victorian period from 1837-1901 was an age when customs and practices relating to death were enormously important. During the period from 1990 to 2007, Irish economy experienced a continuous and steady increase, with GNP growing by 5 to 15 per cent every year and the rising of employment and competitiveness significantly, Ireland went from being extremely poor to being extremely rich. It also set the tone for fashion, social order and general culture throughout Europe and the United States. The investigation of “Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen and “Letters to Alice on First Reading Jane Austen” by Fay Weldon stress the notion of how contexts can determine an individual’s understanding. It definitely sounds like a hard task to be a Victorian gentleman but you can be sure that the men of this time day and age carried out their demeanour and grace wherever they went and whatever they did. But many advances were made during Victorian times, especially in the fields of industry and technology. Please join StudyMode to read the full document. This essay will try to analyse theoretical and practical facts were provided as experience to prevent the crisis.. The Victorian era was also a major time of transition with new knowledge being discovered in every realm, including evolution and technology, which meant new ideas were challenging religion. Chemists were available for free whereas doctors were not, and most Victorians got their drugs over the counter, without a prescription. If they were not married, it depicted that they were not fully masculine because they did not have a family to support. Reputation meant a great deal to the average Victorian. What does VICTORIAN ATTITUDES mean? Victorian attitudes to race were as much a product of developments in the white world of England as a result of encounters with the black man in the Empire. Instead, he chose not to bring himself or matters concerning himself up in the day to day conversation. Its capital city is Beijing. Additionally, increased immigration also introduced a variety of new ideas to religion. The Victorian Era was marked by a number of incredible breakthroughs and discoveries! The gentlemen ensure that they do not have a clash of opinions with others but strive to maintain a respectable and likeable reputation with those who know him and his family so will always stay away from any actions that will jolt in the perceptions of those who he knows. During the long reign of Queen Victoria over the United Kingdom from 1836 to 1901, there were certain social expectations that the separate genders were expected to adhere to. Also as the audience we see... ...‘The Medical Profession In The Bell Jar Is Presented As A Symbol Of Male Brutality.’ To What Extent Do You Agree With This Statement? These scientific discoveries had a tremendous impact on the lifestyle and beliefs and attitudes of people who lived in this Victorian era. This preserves the length of the cellulose fibers. Primark is an example of trading with other countries for unfair prices. Tsotsi and City of God are both set in favellas in LEDC's which immediately symbolises the poverty stricken living conditions. Hence, true love was not as common as present day, especially for the upper class, who were being constantly being scrutinized by society. It is now the fourth largest economy in the world. The motif of male, medical brutality is a constant throughout the second half of the book. Actresses and Prostitutes in Victorian London - Volume 13 Issue 3 - Tracy C. Davis. The poorer countries produce and import products and merchandise to MEDC’s at a very low salary. Compared to modern attitudes, our forebears of the Victorian era could be accused of having had a morbid fascination and peculiar obsession with death and dying. Some major crops that are grown in China are rice, wheat, corn, soybeans and tuber crops. Definition of VICTORIAN ATTITUDES in the Definitions.net dictionary. Chignons and buns were very popular, and so were long, gentle curls let loose at the back or sides. This means that a country whose level of economic development ranks it somewhere between the... ...‘Sustainable Tourism is a Myth.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? One of it’s most famous landmarks is the great wall of chine, which is one of the seven wonders of the world. Sustainable Tourism is essentially an industry committed to making a low impact on the natural environment and local culture, while helping to generate income and employment for local people. The Victorian pharmacy. This is accomplished by dissolving lignin in a cooking liquor, so that it may be washed from the cellulose fibers. Chemical pulping processes are not used to make paper made from cotton, which is already 90% cellulose. Additionally, the multiplier effect is high with reports suggesting that for every 100 jobs created in tourism; another 53 are created in manufacturing, 36 in... ...pairs of texts set for study. Those who support the Irish Financial Crisis could not be identified in advance emphasis it is irregular and uncertain. It is commonly assumed that the growth of racialism in the nineteenth century was a product of the pressing needs of imperial rule.''" NICs have not yet reached a developed status but have, in an economic sense, overtaken their developing counterparts. However, when looking at evidence of tourism around the world it doesn’t appear that sustainable tourism is being undertook. A figure in the novel that symbolises Esther’s relationship with the medical profession is Buddy Willard and Esther’s relationship with him. Victorian values emerged in all classes and reached all facets of Victorian living. In the Victorian age, a woman’s hair was considered her glory. To many people’s surprise, the gentleman was not meant to think too much of himself and be egotistical. He has a good reputation in his workplace and with the people he interacts with and as you can see by the image presented on the page, he was extremely well presented. The Bell Jar was written in the 1950s, a time when lobotomy was frequently used, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) could be given without consent and a female doctor was a rare sight. Supporting a family was a sign of true success within the male sex; he continues to quote Tosh stating: Information and translations of VICTORIAN ATTITUDES in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. The gentleman of the Victorian era would, therefore, be sure to maintain his respectable nature and maintain a concern being to make everyone feel at ease when they talk to him. Plath critiques this point in many different ways for instance Esther’s treatment with Dr Gordon in contrast with Dr Nolan, Esther’s relationship with Buddy and Esther’s experience of ECT (Plath herself received this treatment) and observing childbirth. Wives, daughters and sisters were left at home all day to oversee the domestic duties that were increasingly carried out by servants. The Elizabethan attitudes were generally positive but towards many of the things we still debate today had different points of view. Hairstyles weren’t particularly creative. It has now only been 20 years since Britain as a nation really started to engage with seriousness in the national discourse with a focus on… He has several luxuries that emphasise and embody his gentleman-like nature. And a … The values of the period—which can be classed as religion, morality, Evangelicalism, industrial work ethic, and personal improvement—took root in Victorian morality. This website is owned and operated by BetterHelp, who receives all fees associated with the platform. One of the core values of Victorian culture is exemplified by a verse from John H. Young's 1882 book, "Our Deportment: The Manners, Conduct and Dress of the Most Refined Society." Has women’s place in society changed from Elizabethan and Victorian Eras. A lot of Asian countries are now known as “newly industrialising countries”. From the 1830s, women started to adopt the crinoline, a huge bell-shaped skirt that made it virtually impossible to clean a … There was a marked turn against Victoria and all that she stood for. Keeping track of what other people in your social class were doing was also a full-time occupation. Victorian Values also include duty, seriousness, modesty and proper behaviour. The Elizabethan society had a very conservative outlook on things. It refers to increasing economic integration of countries, especially in terms of trade and movement of capital. (15 Marks) The films address the often futile attempt to escape poverty and the crime which is strongly associated with it. MEDC’s and LEDC’s are linked through trade. Victorian men were not only competing for respect within their own sex, but they needed to impress the women too. Another characterization of NICs is that of nations undergoing rapid economic growth (usually export-oriented). According to Kelly (2010 ,P2), among this period, the Ireland’s economy really was among the best performing in the world. In recent years China has changed and developed rapidly especially economically. Victorian morality is a distillation of the moral views of the middle class in 19th-century Britain, the Victorian era. To what extent do you agree with this statement?’ During conversations with those who accompany him, he would have his eyes on all of his company ensuring that he sustains his gentleness, mercifulness and tenderness towards all people no matter what they act like or who they are. During the Victorian era, the importance of being highly regarded by one’s peers stemmed from attitudes associated with the word “respectable.” If found, slaves were freed. Or were other factors such as Transnational Corporations (TNCs) more influential? To what extent is this made evident in the texts you have studied? The classification of countries as NICs has only happened in the last 30 years. Therefore it is important that sustainable tourism is promoted and that people are educated about the opportunities provided in order to minimize the effects that tourism poses on the natural environment while helping to benefit local communities. Most likely did not have a hair out of place, his presentation was always to be kept at the upmost of appearances and regarded as extremely important. There are three main chemical pulping processes. Being a servant in one of the grand Victorian houses was a position which would guarantee shelter and food. The typical Victorian woman was expected to bear her husband children, to ensure her family 's happiness, to be suppressed and to show minimal emotion. Victorian Values were influenced from Queen Victoria (1837 – 1901), during the Victorian Era, and reined in the British Empire. Source: commons.wikimedia.org. During the Victorian era, when someone was called Victorian gentlemen, it meant that they did not need to work in order to earn money or perform any manual labour in order to live and survive. The tide would, yet again, change in the 1920’s when judgements and attitudes were revised with a renewed interest in all things connected to the Victorian age. Buddy is also shown in a negative way throughout the book. Not only to himself but to all of those who beheld his gentlemanlike manner and appearance. The notion of the Victorian era has historically been one of a formal, well-mannered, civilized and seemingly repressed society. Members of Victorian society kept busy with parties, dances, visits, dressmakers, and tailors. China’s climate is Humid, sticky, dry and hot. Moreover, the influence of these scientific discoveries was not only limited to … Tsotsi himself represents the struggle for many citizens of the slums to escape poverty and how hard it is to escape that sort of life. Then it will turn to argue that the crisis was preventable. He has a good reputation in his workplace and with the people he interacts with and as you can see by the image presented on the page, he was extremely well presented. Also, this type of man was classified by owning their own land and having a particularly generous income. The modern pulp and paper industry is global, with China leading production and the United States behind it.To make pulp from wood, a chemical pulping process separates lignin from cellulose fibers. Victorian values and morals, as Elizabeth Longford notes, “became regarded as boring, stuffy, prudish, dated”. In the Victorian era, there was a shift in the attitudes towards mental illness and people, at large, began to realize the importance of paying attention to the conditions of mental institutions. The Old Victorian System The United Kingdom has never as yet in completeness overcome or left behind her old Victorian system of attitudes and stereotypes towards the non-white races. The films I have studied for this section, the 2002 film City of God, Kasovitz's 1995 film La Haine and Gavin Hood's 2005 South African film Tsotsi all share similar attitudes to poverty. Explorations of the diversity of Victorian sexuality thrive in academic and popular work, notably in the industries of neo-Victorian novels, and screen adaptations of Victorian works. Many of their viewpoints were substantiated from their dominant influence of Christianity, whether Protestant or … In the introduction, Young includes the following verse: "To go through this life with good manners possessed, Is to be kind unto all, rich, poor and oppressed." In line with the values, Royal Navy patrolled the Atlantic ocean checking on ships for any illegal trade of slaves. This is because they do not contain lignin, which deteriorates over time. Buddy is studying medicine at Yale University, a very prestigious course that opens the door to a high end job in the medical industry; and even though Esther is shown to be far more clever than Buddy, she has only accomplished an internship at a magazine company in New York. While the bride and bridegroom canoodle, the man’s hand reaches behind him to a winged male youth, looking sad indeed. ...processes, and even as a food ingredient – particularly in Asian cultures. 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