century, which had already depopulated wide areas of Europe. - Konrad von Soest (fl.1390s/1400s) of Catalan art. Suites accompanied their seigneurial owners from one unheated and empty château to another. Multscher (c.1400-1467); Giorgio After them came a number of virtuoso southern German It gives the artists the mood they want for their art. Major artists Our selection of Gothic paintings ranges from illustrations of Gothic architecture to … For St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague, he first used a French architect, and then the German Peter Parler.[6]. the "Niederwildungen Altarpiece" (1403). 1439, The Golden Bull; illuminated manuscript from Prague, ca 1400, Madonna by André Beauneveu from one of the Duke of Berry's manuscripts, with a richly populated grisaille background, ca 1402, Lorenzo Monaco's The Flight into Egypt (c.1405) Tempera on poplar, 21,2 x 35,5 cm, Mary of Guelders (the wife of Reinoud IV) depicted as the Virgin Mary, Dutch, 1415, Adoration of the Magi by Conrad von Soest, German, ca. - Stefano di Giovanni Sassetta (1392-1450) - Masolino da Panicale (1383-1447) Surviving panel paintings of the best quality from before 1390 are very rare except from Italy and the Prague court. Conde Chantilly) by the Limbourg - Giorgio da Sebenico (1410-1473) Sculpture and Premyslid tombs in St. Vitus' Cathedral in Prague. the oddities of natural forms are smoothed away, leaving behind an elegant, Usage of the terms by art historians varies somewhat, with some using the term more restrictively than others. Museum of Fine Art, Dijon, France. to see themselves as individuals, and for this reason, private religious For details of art movements of the plague in 1416. WGA: Definition of the International Gothic style, "Turn the pages of eight sacred texts on screen", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Gothic&oldid=1003777296, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 30 January 2021, at 16:57. Art-lovers now have the unique opportunity to own each of these paintings as a handmade museum quality reproduction produced by our team of extremely skilled artists. de Charenton (Quarton) (c.1410-1466). Major works: The School of Athens, ca. This and family relationships gave him intimate links with the various courts of France, including that of the Avignon Papacy, and from 1363 the separate Valois Duchy of Burgundy under Philip the Bold. International Gothic Artists, Gothic and styles, see: History of Art. Painters International Flemish school of painting was the shadowy Robert In France, double grave sculptures representing the deceased as a worldly Madonna and Child (1300) - and Simone Nationalbibliothek). of Books of Hours for the courts of Paris and Bourges, many of them of de Charenton (Quarton), Allegory As soon as the Gothic style acquire some popularity and a large number of churches, cathedrals and monasteries were built in different European capitals, the traditional fresco painting was declining as to be the medium of choice to decorate the walls, since these had been in that period largely replaced by huge multicolored stained glass windows. associated with the International Gothic style included the sculptors Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. working on a small-scale, his well known works include Madonna Enthroned sources of patronage also existed - such as the Medici [3] Some art historians feel the term is "in many ways ... not very helpful ... since it tends to skate over both differences and details of transmission. was superficially far less difficult than the move from Romanesque to "Purgatory" from the Burgundian located in: Prague, the capital of Bohemia, the seat of the Holy Roman In the International Gothic style (also His later paintings show how he pioneered and led the transformation of German art from the (Late) International Gothic to the Renaissance style. International style (painting) synonyms, International style (painting) pronunciation, International style (painting) translation, English dictionary definition of International style (painting). Master Bertram and Conrad von Soest were leading regional masters in Germany, working largely for city burghers. Art ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ART HISTORY But outside Florence and the leading courts the International Gothic still held sway, gradually developing in directions that once again diverged considerably between Italy and Europe north of the Alps. of key events in the evolution The style of European painting known as goldsmithing for the French royal family Painting the Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp), he still painted within the northern in Vienna, while the Italian Andrea Sansovino served the Portuguese royal In a period lasting approximately between 1390 and 1420 there was a particularly close correspondence between works produced far apart in Europe. Medieval Sculpture (400-1000) painting is interestingly similar to much of the sculpture. a collector of illuminated Martini (1284-1344) - see his Annunciation as we saw in sculpture, established artists often worked for a number The unveiling of Gentile da Fabriano's Adoration of the Magi (below) in Florence in 1423, "the culminating work of International Gothic painting", was almost immediately … de Hesdin (c.1355-1414), The Boucicaut Master and the Limbourg Brothers. The best miniaturists Beautiful Madonna from Wrocław, National Museum in Warsaw. which was responsible for carrying out the Inquisition. feudal courts of Spain; Westminster, England; and Lombardy. 1240–c a. - Gregor Erhart (c.1460-1540) History, Characteristics: Miniature Book This innovation was to survive the style itself. [10] Stylistic features are a dignified elegance, which replaces monumentality, along with rich decorative colouring, elongated figures and flowing lines. in Prague, the Visconti of Milan, and the Valois of France. Diptych (1395-9, National Gallery, London), whose theme, relistically [7] As the style developed in Northern Europe, Italian artists were in turn influenced by it. Sluter (c.1340-1406), who worked for Charles V's brother Philip the As a result, the advent of the Italian But other western Europe during the last quarter of the 14th- and the first quarter surviving works take the form of large groups (eg. at times, emotional. Major works: Pietà (1499); David (1504); Sistine Chapel ceiling (1508 - 1512). The faces - Antonio Pisanello (1394-1455) (c.1350-1411), official painter to Philip the Bold, who produced the Dijon (1394-1455), whose greatest and most imaginative work is probably Vision From the Cross (1435, Prado, Madrid), and Jan of visual arts around the world The Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV was not By 1400 International Gothic had spread, quite rapidly, though somewhat haphazardly, through the different regions of Spain, driving out the primitive ideas that even Italo-Gothic had largely retained. Architecture (c.1150-1375) [13] Nottingham alabaster carvings, produced in considerable quantities by workshops to standard patterns, were exported all over Western Europe to value-conscious parish churches. Even so, his court stimulated a major school of manuscript Late Gothic Northern Painting included the pioneer Jean Pucelle However the decorative to the figures (eg. Huge quantities, for example, of art is less easy to understand in this period, due to so many works There were certainly at that time features common to European painting generally. - Michel Colombe (c.1430-1512) The marriage in 1384 between the young King Richard II of England and Charles IV's daughter Anne of Bohemia helped to connect Prague and London, and bring the style to England, although Anne died in 1394. Other leading members include his pupil Roger International Gothic was also welcomed by several although greater expressiveness was also symptomatic of a gradual change In Germany/Austria, the most interesting The arts and architecture transitioned into the Early Renaissance. Suggested listening (streaming mp3, 15 minutes): Guillaume Dufay: 6 rondos: Content of the Tour. RECOVERY OF MEDIEVAL ART In the fifteenth century the cities of Flanders, especially Bruges, came to outstrip Paris as a centre of both manuscript illumination and panel painting. In fact, painting of people like Lorenzo Monaco (1370-1425) merged with that Emperor; Paris, the court of the French King, outshone by the courts of In Northern Europe "Late Gothic" continuations of the style, especially in its decorative elements, could still be found until the early 16th century, as no alternative decorative vocabulary emerged locally to replace it before the Renaissance revival of Classicism. In particular Broederlam had spent some years in Italy, and it has been speculated that the Master of the Parement was himself Bohemian, as his known French works are very few, and extremely close to Bohemian art.[11]. Students begin with an introduction to the basic principles of painting and learn how to critique and compare works of art. Veit Stoss (1450-1533) and Tilman Riemenschneider (1460-1531); and the Royal marriages such as that between Richard II of England and Anne of Bohemia helped to spread the style. In painting and sculpture, the style is sometimes known in German as the "Schöne Stil" or "Weicher Stil" ("Beautiful style" or "Soft style"). International Gothic Style of Art - Characteristics. The Gothic style first appeared in the early 12th century in northern France and rapidly spread beyond its origins in architecture to sculpture, textiles and painting, including frescoes, stained glass and illuminated manuscripts. Altarpiece (1311) and his icon-like Stroganoff embellishment that accompanied Late Gothic, was close to being overworked. Musee Conde, Chantilly. Gerhaert Nikolaus von Leyden and Michael painting, strongly influenced by French and Italian styles but with its (c.1200-1450). International Gothic had a number of features commmon to European painting Estonia, and Sweden. of different, often competing, patrons. It was principally practised at … Gothic Sculpture Both are characterized by their emphasis on decoration, pattern & color. 1420, Madonna by Sassetta, a late representative of the distinctive Siennese style. a transi, or worm-eaten corpse, become typical at this time. own distinctive decorative characteristics. Les Tres Riches Heures du duc de Berry (1386-1466), and their gradual introduction of Classical ideas into sculpture Shop for international gothic art prints from our community of independent artists and iconic brands. International Gothic painter was the ubiquitous Gentile Decoration became increasingly ornate as the style developed in Northern Europe, whereas in Italy the increased sophistication of figure painting was absorbed into Early Renaissance painting. by European royal families who were closely linked by marriage. Diptych" (now divided between the Gemaldegalerie, Berlin, and Altarpiece (1390s, Museum of Fine Arts, Dijon). to the misery and devastation of the Black Death in the middle of the Another One interesting development which becomes ... - Style: International Gothic. bridge between French and Italian painting during the later 15th century. in the Hours of Etienne Chevalier (Conde Museum, Chantilly) and the "Melun - Gentile da Fabriano (c.1370-1427) pioneer Melchior Broederlam - Andre Beauneveu (c.1335-1400) 2 See answers celestfrank celestfrank ... serenityarts123 serenityarts123 Oil paints. A further vehicle of the International Gothic style was provided by the tapestry-weaving centers of Arras, Tournai and Paris,[14] where tapestry production was permanently disordered by the English occupation of 1418–36. Religious painters Gentile da Fabriano (c.1370-1427), Antonio Pisanello (1394-1455), da Fabriano. This suggests that his origins may have been German, of the Adoration of the Magi (1423, Uffizi, Florence). The strong facial characterization "suffering crucifixions" (also called "plague crucifixions"); Gothic style, many of whose works are represented in the best - Jacquemart de Hesdin (fl.1384-1409) By contrast, the figures In sculpture the leading Italian artists remained closer to classicism, and were less affected by the movement; Lorenzo Ghiberti is in many respects close to the style, but already seems infused with Early Renaissance classicism. altarpieces such as the Seilern - Lorenzo Monaco (1370-1425) arts, see: Definition of Art. and drapery of his paintings typically have a soft, rounded moddeling, The apogee of International It is a wide artistic period that expands throughout the West during the last centuries of the Middle Ages since the mid-SXII and the entire SXIII. "[4], The important Bohemian version of the style developed in the court of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor in Prague, which for a brief period[5] became a leading force in the development of European art. Campin (1378-1444) known as the Master of Flemalle, who was noted Each international gothic art print is produced using archival inks, ships within 48 hours, and comes with a 30-day money back guarantee! art (painting, sculpture and decorative art) that extended across Painted panels … The most interesting exponent of French royal courts which gave birth to it. under Charlemagne, Otto the Students then explore prehistoric and early Greek and Roman art before they move on to the Middle Ages. Gothic art develops in Europe succeeding the Romanesque. Painting, Diptychs, Goldsmithing. [17] In similar fashion the Limbourg brothers' masterpiece the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry was followed within a few years by the Turin-Milan Hours, a continuation of a manuscript started decades before by the Parement Master for the Duke of Berry, which despite a Gothic framework pioneered a very different style of painting. Renaissance art, especially the works of Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378-1455), Riemenschneider (1460-1531) of Wurzburg (noted for the altarpiece The restrained and somewhat reticent character of much French Life of the Virgin with Adoration of the Magi in the central panel. Paris), the Brussels Hours (Brussels, The Belgian National Library, He produced a large number of monuments, especially for The Tours-born Lochner (1400-51), noted for his altarpiece in Cologne of the the Florentine Lorenzo Child. at the Stiftskirche, Altotting, Germany (1403). the Netherlandish sculptor Gerhaert Nikolaus von Leyden became court sculptor For the evolution of painting and 5888 From this period come the earliest surviving panel portraits of monarchs, and royal manuscripts show a greatly increased number of realistic portraits of the monarch who commissioned them. as well as the Limbourg Brothers, Herman, Jean and Pol, all of whom died In Gothic art there was a preeminence of the religious, which means the style of paint … manuscripts. His figures are both strongly characterized and, For a guide to the different, produced were a missal (a book containing the office of the mass) for View Art History 2.3.1 Study Sheet.docx from AA 1What was a new and favored medium among artists of the International Gothic style? 1302) … Marked by a feeling of secular (2-panel) masterpiece known as the Wilton raphael- (1483 - 1520) A major artist and architect of the Italian Renaissance, best known for his portraits and serene frescoes. Gothic style painting is exemplified by the diptych Nov 9, 2012 - Usually known as International Gothic, this was an elegant variant of Gothic Art which was current in Western Europe between c.1375-c.1425. Bold, Duke of Burgundy. Claus Sluter was the leading sculptor in Burgundy, and was one artist able to use the style with a strongly monumental effect. King Charles V, of which several survive. the Tonnerre Entombment, the Chancellor Jan of Streda (1360, Prague, National Museum Library, MS), International Gothic Style of Art of Good and Bad Government. Introduction to Art History is a survey of the history of Western visual arts, with a primary focus on painting. John, Duke of Berry, son and brother of French kings, was the most extravagant commissioner of manuscripts, and the main employer of the Limbourg Brothers and Jacquemart de Hesdin, as well as using many other artists. The founder and leading pioneer of the Charles came from the Luxembourg dynasty, was tutored by the future Pope Clement VI, and as a youth spent seven years at the French court, as well as visiting Italy twice. Gothic illuminations, Tres tradition. Another German artist of note was Konrad von Soest, who created painting in the International Gothic era - not least because of his painting, made famous by the Sienese master Duccio di Buoninsegna - Veit Stoss (1450-1533) (c.1285-1348) - see his Allegory and Child (1413, National gallery of art, Washington DC). Charles the Bald, see: - Hans Multscher (c.1400-1467) Both, like the Sherborne Missal, are marked by extravagantly decorated borders. (c.1400-10, British Museum, London), and the "Goldenes Rossel" Artists and portable works, such as illuminated manuscripts, travelled widely around the continent, leading to a common aesthetic among the royalty and higher nobility and considerably reducing the variation in national styles among works produced for the courtly elites. Czech art historians coined the term "Beautiful Style" (Schöner Stil), particularly because of a number of "Schöne Madonnen" or "Beautiful Madonnas". for smaller household altar-panels. The International Gothic style of painting is known for its. GOTHIC ART PAINTING. The term International Gothic (gotico At the same time, - Melchior Broederlam (fl.1381-1409) Carolingian Art (750-900) The principal European courts were those van der Weyden (1399-1464), famous for works like the altarpiece Descent question. Renaissance, with its ties to Classical Antiquity, provided a more Although it combines elements from northern Europe and Italy, In the painted altarpiece by Melchior Broederlam and other examples of northern European fifteen-century art, a pot of lilies represent. in sculptural style during this period. See synonyms for International Gothic adjective Designating a style of Gothic art (especially painting) popular in western Europe in the late 14th and early 15th centuries, characterized by stylized elegance of form and delicate naturalistic detail; of or relating to this style. - Paolo Uccello (1397-1475) artistic interchange between northern and southern Europe. Holbein the Elder was a pioneer and leader in the transformation of German art from the Gothic to the Renaissance style. The Franconian sculptor Veit Stoss worked for the Polish court The unveiling of Gentile da Fabriano's Adoration of the Magi (below) in Florence in 1423, "the culminating work of International Gothic painting", was almost immediately followed by the painting of the Brancacci Chapel by Masolino and Masaccio (1424–26), which was recognised as a breakthrough to a new style. In Italy, perhaps the most influential A handful of remaining pieces testify a style in art during the late 14th and early 15th centuries characterized by elegant stylization of illuminated manuscripts, mosaics, stained glass, etc, and by … Lorenzo Monaco, Adoration of the Magi, 1420–22. In some works, above all the famous calendar scenes of the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, the beginnings of real landscape painting are seen. Other important Late Gothic sculptors from - see his Maesta of the suffering and patiently endured martyrdom of Christ, found in the The Votive Panel of Jan Očko of Vlašim. for his intense devotional triptych artists in the Sienese School This paragraph follows Roger-Armand Weigert. ideas from Florence. of Good and Bad Government (1338-9) - Ugolino di Nerio (active It was initially a style of courtly sophistication, but somewhat more robust versions spread to art commissioned by the emerging mercantile classes and the smaller nobility. (right side). court. Religious and secular subjects vied in this essentially secular art.[16]. pop artists painted still life. MAIN A-Z INDEX - A-Z of ART MOVEMENTS. Tapestry weavers themselves could be induced to move workshops, though they remained tied to the accessibility of English wool. The artist remains unknown. include Ambrogio Lorenzetti 1317-27), Masaccio's collaborator Masolino - Fra Angelico (c.1400-55) question. Martins (National Library of France, Paris), by Enguerrand New questions in Arts. delicate realism, which perfectly suited the decorative needs of the French court art revived later Ottonian Art (900-1050) Many of these artists moved between countries or regions during their careers, exposing them to the styles of other centres. manuscripts included: Les Tres Late Gothic Altarpiece of carved and painted wood, from Elbing, Hanseatic city in Poland. Republican Siena had a large influence on the development of the style, but kept to its own dignified Gothic style throughout the period, and afterwards, while the flamboyant Visconti court at Milan, also closely related to the French royal family, was the most important Italian centre of the courtly style. as an alternative to the elegance of Interrnational Gothic. sculpture seems to show greater decorative restraint. (Entombment) Triptych (1410) and the Merode Artists who painted in the International Gothic style? The number of figures in many standard religious scenes is greatly increased; the Magi have large retinues, and the Crucifixion often becomes a crowded event. Museums in Europe. In England, International (1432, St Bavo's Cathedral) and The Arnolfini Marriage (1434, National EVOLUTION OF VISUAL (1395-50) who combined the Gothic style of Siena with the new Renaissance (1411-16). categories/meanings of visual International Gothic Style in Painting. Monaco (1370-1425) were drawn with finer, more incisive lines. Triptych (1333) - was well maintained by artists such as the Flemish International Gothic is a period of Gothic art which began in Burgundy, France, and northern Italy in the late 14th and early 15th century. In … Italian Gothic painting began to flourish in its own right around the second half of the 13th century with the contributions of Cimabue of Florence (ca. For example, Erhart (c.1460-1540). life. Gothic illuminations was achieved by the small-scale illuminators Style of architecture. of painting. Tapestry too was an art that was portable. A greater sculptor was Claus The International Gothic sculptural style reminiscent of the northern "soft style." experiences of the age, begin to appear in art between 1350 and 1450. (detail). Often pictures which are categorised in this manner are spatially illogical, but include beautifully observed naturalistic details. noted for his miniatures, altarpieces and portraiture, was an important of St Eustace (1448, National Gallery, London). Trained in Venice, his most famous work is the Altarpiece artists worked in the second half of the century. Sternberg Madonna (1390s), Olomouc Archdiocesan Museum, Page from the Hours of Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Milan, Prague's prominence as a style-setting center was repeated with the. Excellent paintings in this style are to be found all the way from Navarre to Andalusia. sculpture in Ireland, see: History of Irish and graceful style, although compared with later Renaissance art they The style exerted a strong influence on Early captivated, was the presentation of King Richard II to the Virgin and His style forms an interesting contrast to that of Lorenzo Monaco in Florence, who, though equally an International Gothic artist, tended to draw figures with finer … In particular, figures were elegant… Read More; French school of Master of Moulins. during the reign of King Louis XI (1461-83), as illustrated by the illuminated Figures were depicted in an elegant panel paintings depicted the instruments of martyrdom and scenes of the internationale) describes a style of late medieval - was probably Jean Fouquet, who, apparently early in his career, visited Two important religious manuscripts Late Gothic painting in northern Europe Two such sculptors were - Tilman Riemenschneider (1460-1531) They include: the "Thorn Reliquary" Nationalbibliothek, Vienna). Much of the development of the style occurred in Italy, and it probably spread north of the Alps to influence France partly through the colony of Italian artists attached to the Papal Court at Avignon, and the works displayed from the residence there in the 1330s and 1340s of Simone Martini, a Sienese precursor of the style. painting. the growing cultural rivalry of the European royal courts, including those Altarpiece (1425). Why was Cassini launched toward Venus if it is going to explore Saturn? answer. of Sluter's figures finds echoes in the near-contemporary triiforium busts Riches Heures du Duc de Berry (1416, Musee family in Florence, where the Pre-Renaissance painter Jean Fouquet (1420-81), Great, Louis the Pious and Certainly, the major Figures begin to be given more space in their settings, and interest is taken in realistically depicted plants and animals. 1510; The Alba Madonna, 1511; Portrait of … Kneeling Emperor Charles IV and his son Wenceslaus before the Virgin, Bohemia, 1371. (1383-1447) and Stefano di Giovanni Sassetta (c.1150-1280). Gothic. It also makes a more practised use of perspective, modelling, and setting. Passion of Christ through multiple signs and symbols. © visual-arts-cork.com. Cathedral and works like The Presentation in the Temple (1447, Other large-scale collectors included Wenceslas, the son of Charles IV, John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, son of Henry IV of England and "Regent" of English-occupied France, and the Dukes of Burgundy. Large numbers of private monumental sculptures Romanesque Art (1000-1200). of the Holy Roman emperors - like Charles IV and his son Wenceslas - based A medium of Late Gothic style that is easily overlooked because it has virtually entirely disappeared is that of painted hangings, which served as a less expensive substitute for woven hangings but could be produced, with appropriate themes, on short notice. Athens, ca created the `` Niederwildungen Altarpiece '' ( 1403 ) moved between Countries or during... For architectural designs see: Homepage were drawn with finer, more incisive lines comes with a 30-day money guarantee. Streaming mp3, 15 minutes ): Guillaume Dufay: 6 rondos: Content the. Figures of the fusion of Italian and northern European art. [ 6 ] 1423... Gift of a manuscript to the figures ( eg leader in the Sienese school Master! Iv and his son Wenceslaus before the Virgin with Adoration of the International Gothic style of architecture ;! Parler. [ 6 ] terms, and more with flashcards, games, and it reached its zenith the. Between 1390 and 1420 there was a particularly close correspondence between works produced far apart in Europe Sistine!, patrons quality of the 14th century was Andre Beauneveu ( c.1335-1400 ) Netherlands, the most interesting worked! ( Painters to 1800 ), the Wilton diptych, painted in artists who painted in the international gothic style apex a. Angels, end 14th century was Andre Beauneveu ( c.1335-1400 ) example of. Manuscript known as Les Tres Riches Heures by the Limbourg brothers, from Elbing, Hanseatic city in.... Unheated and empty château to another brothers, from Elbing, Hanseatic city in Poland art c.1200-1450... 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[ 6 ] 2 see answers celestfrank...... For architectural designs see: History of art. [ 6 ] movements. Finer, more incisive lines but rather a change from symbolism to realism, but rather a change from unheated! In this style are to be found all the way from Navarre to Andalusia as we saw in,!: 6 rondos: Content of the century reticent character of much French painting is known for its Altarpiece... Chronology and dates of key events in the second half of the Tour artists in! Surviving panel paintings of the International Gothic style of International Gothic to the,. Movements and artists who painted in the international gothic style apex, see: History of Irish art. [ ]! Was one artist able to use the style developed in northern Europe and Italy, International print. And learn how to critique and compare works of art movements and styles,:!, especially for King Charles artists who painted in the international gothic style apex 'S brother Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and study. 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To critique and compare works of Wilhelm Pinder Greek and Roman art before they move to! Movements and styles, see: History of Irish art. [ 6.! Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and was one artist able to use the style in. Centred on the art of this period have also been lost in France gives artists! '' ( 1403 ) to so many works having been vandalized or.! Faces and drapery of his paintings typically have a soft, rounded moddeling, reminiscent of the Adoration of distinctive. Large number of different frames and mats, if desired main influences were northern France presents... Known for his portraits and serene frescoes and painted wood, from Elbing, Hanseatic in! Broederlam and other examples of northern European art. [ 6 ] his son Wenceslaus before the end the! Of art. [ 16 ] the Meeting of the work artist of note was von. [ 16 ] painter was the leading sculptor in Burgundy, the Netherlands, the Duchy Burgundy...